What is the working principle of a water well drilling rig

Working Principle of Water Well Drilling Rig

Water well drilling rigs gradually complete the drilling process by breaking up the formation with the drill bit and discharging the rock chips out of the well with the help of mud, airflow or gravity. Its core principle includes the following aspects:

1. Crushing the formation

Mechanical way:

The drill bit rotates or impacts under the power drive of the drilling rig, utilizing cutting or impact to break up the formation

2. Cleaning the bottom of the well

Mud circulation (positive or reverse circulation):

Positive circulation: Mud enters the bottom of the well from the drill pipe and carries the rock chips along the well wall back to the surface.

Reverse circulation: Mud flows from the well wall to the bottom of the well, and then brings the rock chips back to the surface through the drill pipe.

Pneumatic circulation: the rock chips are discharged from the borehole by the high-pressure airflow generated by the air compressor, which is commonly used in dry formations or deep wells.

3. Lifting and lowering of drilling tools

Using winches and wire ropes to raise or lower drill pipes and bits to adjust the drilling depth or change drilling tools.

4. Well wall stabilization

Mud wall protection: Formation of a mud film on the well wall by mud pressure to prevent the well wall from collapsing.

Casing: Casing is used to support the well wall in loose formations.

5. Power transmission

Power source: Diesel engine or electric motor provides power for the drilling rig, which drives the drill pipe to rotate or the drill bit to impact through the transmission system.

6. Rock cuttings discharge

Discharge device: The broken rock chips are transported to the surface by mud or air flow.

Sedimentation treatment: After the rock chips are separated through the sedimentation tank, the mud can be recycled.

Summarize: Water well drilling rigs gradually realize drilling operation to meet drilling demand through drilling bit crushing stratum, mud or airflow circulating to clean up the bottom of the well, and power transmission to control the operation of drilling tools.

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